165 research outputs found
Investigating ionized disc models of the variable narrow-line Seyfert 1 PG 1404+226
We investigate the use of relativistically blurred photoionized disc models
on an XMM-Newton observation of the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxy PG 1404+226.
The model is designed to reproduce the radiation from the inner accretion disc
around a Kerr black hole, and is more successful at fitting the spectrum than
models based on a thermal soft excess. The source varies strongly over the
course of the observation, and the disc model works over all observed flux
states. We conclude that it is a useful tool in the study of certain quasars.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Suzaku observations of Markarian 335: evidence for a distributed reflector
We report on a 151 ks net exposure Suzaku observation of the Narrow Line
Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 335. The 0.5-40 keV spectrum contains a broad Fe line, a
strong soft excess below about 2 keV and a Compton hump around 20-30 keV. We
find that a model consisting of a power law and two reflectors provides the
best fit to the time-averaged spectrum. In this model, an ionized, heavily
blurred, inner reflector produces most of the soft excess, while an almost
neutral outer reflector (outside ~40 r_g) produces most of the Fe line
emission. The spectral variability of the observation is characterised by
spectral hardening at very low count rates. In terms of our power-law +
two-reflector model it seems like this hardening is mainly caused by pivoting
of the power law. The rms spectrum of the entire observation has the curved
shape commonly observed in AGN, although the shape is significantly flatter
when an interval which does not contain any deep dip in the lightcurve is
considered. We also examine a previous 133 ks XMM-Newton observation of Mrk
335. We find that the XMM-Newton spectrum can be fitted with a similar
two-reflector model as the Suzaku data and we confirm that the rms spectrum of
the observation is flat. The flat rms spectra, as well as the high-energy data
from the Suzaku PIN detector, disfavour an absorption origin for the soft
excess in Mrk 335.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
The Host Galaxy and Central Engine of the Dwarf AGN POX 52
We present new multi-wavelength observations of the dwarf Seyfert 1 galaxy
POX 52 in order to investigate the properties of the host galaxy and the active
nucleus, and to examine the mass of its black hole, previously estimated to be
~ 10^5 M_sun. Hubble Space Telescope ACS/HRC images show that the host galaxy
has a dwarf elliptical morphology (M_I = -18.4 mag, Sersic index n = 4.3) with
no detected disk component or spiral structure, confirming previous results
from ground-based imaging. X-ray observations from both Chandra and XMM show
strong (factor of 2) variability over timescales as short as 500 s, as well as
a dramatic decrease in the absorbing column density over a 9 month period. We
attribute this change to a partial covering absorber, with a 94% covering
fraction and N_H = 58^{+8.4}_{-9.2} * 10^21 cm^-2, that moved out of the line
of sight in between the XMM and Chandra observations. Combining these data with
observations from the VLA, Spitzer, and archival data from 2MASS and GALEX, we
examine the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the active nucleus. Its shape
is broadly similar to typical radio-quiet quasar SEDs, despite the very low
bolometric luminosity of L_bol = 1.3 * 10^43 ergs/s. Finally, we compare black
hole mass estimators including methods based on X-ray variability, and optical
scaling relations using the broad H-beta line width and AGN continuum
luminosity, finding a range of black hole mass from all methods to be M_bh =
(2.2-4.2) * 10^5 M_sun, with an Eddington ratio of L_bol/L_edd = 0.2-0.5.Comment: 19 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Discovery of the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxy Mkn 335 in an historical low X-ray flux state
We report the discovery of the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxy Mkn 335 in an
extremely low X-ray state. A comparison of Swift observations obtained in May
and June/July 2007 with all previous X-ray observations between 1971 to 2006
show the AGN to have diminished in flux by a factor of more than 30, the lowest
X-ray flux Mkn 335 has ever been observed in. The Swift observations show an
extremely hard X-ray spectrum at energies above 2 keV. Possible interpretations
include partial covering absorption or X-ray reflection from the disk. In this
letter we consider the partial covering interpretation. The Swift observations
can be well fit by a strong partial covering absorber with varying absorption
column density N_H= 1-4 x 10^{23} cm-2 and a covering fraction f_c=0.9 - 1.
When corrected for intrinsic absorption, the X-ray flux of Mkn 335 varies by
only factors of 4-6. In the UV Mkn 335 shows variability in the order of 0.2
mag. We discuss the similarity of Mkn 335 with the highly variable NLS1
WPVS007, and speculate about a possible link between NLS1 galaxies and
broad-absorption line quasars.Comment: ApJ Letter accepted; 8 pages, 2 figures; The new version has three
more sentences in the introduction and three references added to the
discussio
The nature of a broad line radio galaxy: Simultaneous RXTE and Chandra HETG observations of 3C 382
We present the results from simultaneous chandra and rxte observations of the
X-ray bright Broad-Line Radio Galaxy (BLRG) 3C 382. The long (120 ks) exposure
with chandra HETG allows a detailed study of the soft X-ray continuum and of
the narrow component of the Fe Kalpha line. The rxte PCA data are used to put
an upper limit on the broad line component and constrain the hard X-ray
continuum. A strong soft excess below 1 keV is observed in the time-averaged
HETG spectrum, which can be parameterized with a steep power law or a thermal
model. The flux variability at low energies indicates that the origin of the
soft excess cannot be entirely ascribed to the circumnuclear diffuse emission,
detected by chandra on scales of 20-30 arcsec (22-33 kpc). A narrow (sigma<90
eV) Fe Kalpha line (with EW< 100 eV) is observed by the chandra HEG. Similar
values for the line parameters are measured by the rxte PCA, suggesting that
the contribution from a broad line component is negligible. The fact that the
exposure is split into two observations taken three days apart allows us to
investigate the spectral and temporal evolution of the source on different
timescales. Significant flux variability associated with spectral changes is
observed on timescales of hours and days. The spectral variability is similar
to that observed in radio-quiet AGN ruling out a jet-dominated origin of the
X-rays.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in Ap
X-ray Properties of Intermediate-mass Black Holes in Active Galaxies
We present a pilot study of the X-ray properties of intermediate-mass
(~10^5-10^6 M_sun) black holes in active galaxies using the Chandra X-ray
telescope. Eight of the 10 active galaxies are detected with a significance of
at least 3 sigma, with X-ray luminosities in the range L_(0.5-2 keV) ~
10^41-10^43 ergs/s. The optical-to-X-ray flux ratios are consistent with
expectations, given the known correlations between alpha_ox and ultraviolet
luminosity, while a couple of objects appear to be anomalously X-ray weak. The
range of 0.5--2 keV photon indices we measure, 1 < Gamma_s < 2.7, is entirely
consistent with values found in samples of more luminous sources with more
massive black holes. Black hole mass evidently is not a primary driver of soft
X-ray spectral index. On the other hand, we do find evidence for a correlation
between X-ray power-law slope and both X-ray luminosity and Eddington ratio,
which may suggest that X-ray emission mechanisms weaken at high Eddington
ratio. Such a weakening may explain the X-ray weakness of one of our most
optically luminous objects.Comment: Submitted to ApJ on 7 April 2006, but still awaiting referee's
report; 8 pages, 4 figures, uses emulateapj5.st
An investigation of the origin of soft X-ray excess emission from Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies Akn564 and Mrk1044
We investigate the origin of the soft X-ray excess emission from narrow-line
Seyfert 1 galaxies Akn564 and Mrk1044 using XMM-Newton observations. We find
clear evidence for time delays between the soft and hard X-ray emission from
Akn564 based on a 100ks long observation. The variations in the 4-10keV band
lag behind that in the 0.2-0.5keV band by 1768+/-122s. The full band power
density spectrum (PDS) of Akn~564 has a break at ~1.2e-3Hz with power-law
indices of ~1 and ~3 below and above the break. The hard (3-10keV) band PDS is
stronger and flatter than that in the soft (0.2-0.5keV) band. Based on a short
observation of Mrk1044, we find no correlation between the 0.2-0.3keV and
5-10keV bands at zero lag. These observations imply that the soft excess is not
the reprocessed hard X-ray emission. The high resolution spectrum of Akn564
obtained with the RGS shows evidence for a highly ionized and another weakly
ionized warm absorber medium. The smeared wind and blurred ionized reflection
models do not describe the pn data adequately. The spectrum is consistent with
a complex model consisting of optically thick Comptonization in a cool plasma
for the soft excess and a steep power-law, modified by two warm absorber media
as inferred from the RGS data and the foreground Galactic absorption. The
smeared wind and optically thick Comptonization models both describe the
spectrum of Mrk1044 satisfactorily, but the ionized reflection model requires
extreme parameters. The data suggest two component corona -- a cool, optically
thick corona for the soft excess and a hot corona for the power-law component.
The existence of a break in the soft band PDS suggests a compact cool corona
that can either be an ionized surface of the inner disk or an inner optically
thick region coupled to a truncated disk.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 19 page
Turkdean Roman Villa, Gloucestershire: archaeological investigations 1997-1998
Before the transmission of the first âliveâ Time Team television programme on 23 August 1997, the existence of a Roman villa near Chalkhill Barn in the parish of Turkdean, 12 miles north-east of Cirencester and 2 miles from the Fosse Way, was hardly known to the archaeological community (FIG. 1). That a Roman building did exist in this location had, however, been suspected for a number of years by the landowner, the late Mr Wilf Mustoe. Distinctive linear parchmarks suggestive of buildings had been clearly visible at ground level in the grass pasture each dry summer, and in 1976 Mr Mustoe made a measured sketch plan of them on the back of an envelope. Subsequently the sketch was drawn up into a scale plan entitled âRoman villaâ by Simon Goddard, a relation. There was little knowledge of the site outside of Mr Mustoe's family until it was independently âdiscoveredâ by local archaeologist Roger Box in August 1996 whilst fortuitously flying over the site in a helicopter. In the evening light Mr Box instantly recognised the parchmarks of an unmistakable Roman villa and took a series of photographs (FIG. 2). Mr Box showed his photographs to Mr Mustoe, and with his agreement wrote to Time Team suggesting that this would be an excellent site for a television programme. Arrangements were duly set in place and the evidence of the cropmarks was confirmed by a trial geophysical survey in March 199
Laboratory tests to understand tephra sliding behaviour on roofs
Following explosive eruptions, loading from tephra fall deposits can lead to roof collapse. However, the load may be reduced significantly by tephra sliding on pitched roofs. We present small-scale laboratory tests to investigate tephra sliding behaviour on metal, fibre cement sheet and tile roofing. We tested 10â30 cm thicknesses for dry and wet deposits of pumice, scoria and basaltic ash. We found that tephra did not slide on roof pitchesââ€â15° for coarse-grained deposits and â€â12° for dry ash. Thin deposits of wet ash were stable at pitchesââ€â30°. In addition, tephra was mainly shed on pitchesââ„â32° for metal roofs and â„â35° for fibre cement and tiles. Using these results, we have produced an initial set of sliding coefficients for tephra for simply pitched roofs that can be used to help prioritise roofs for clearing during an eruption and assist in designing roofs to withstand tephra fall
2003--2005 INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton observations of 3C 273
The aim of this paper is to study the evolution of the broadband spectrum of
one of the brightest and nearest quasars 3C 273.
We analyze the data obtained during quasi-simultaneous INTEGRAL and XMM
monitoring of the blazar 3C 273 in 2003--2005 in the UV, X-ray and soft
gamma-ray bands and study the results in the context of the long-term evolution
of the source.
The 0.2-100 keV spectrum of the source is well fitted by a combination of a
soft cut-off power law and a hard power law. No improvement of the fit is
achieved if one replaces the soft cut-off power law by either a blackbody, or a
disk reflection model. During the observation period the source has reached the
historically softest state in the hard X-ray domain with a photon index
. Comparing our data with available archived X-ray data
from previous years, we find a secular evolution of the source toward softer
X-ray emission (the photon index has increased by
over the last thirty years). We argue that existing theoretical models have to
be significantly modified to account for the observed spectral evolution of the
source.Comment: 11 pages, accepted to A&
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